The fighting in Ukraine has been slowing down and this will likely continue in the coming winter months, US intelligence agencies believe.
However, there has been no evidence of fading resistance on the part of Ukrainian forces, US director of intelligence Avril Haines said.
She said both sides would try to "refit, resupply and reconstitute" for any counter-offensive in the spring.
It follows Russian attacks on Ukraine's critical energy infrastructure.
The war in Ukraine is now in its ninth month, but Russia has lost more than half the land it seized.
Ms Haines told a defence forum in California that most of the fighting is currently around the Bakhmut and Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine.
She said fighting had slowed down following Russia's withdrawal of troops from the west of the Kherson region last month.
"We're seeing a kind of a reduced tempo already of the conflict... and we expect that's likely to be what we see in the coming months," she said.
She said both Ukraine and Russian militaries would be looking to to prepare for any counter-offensive after the winter.
"But we actually have a fair amount of scepticism as to whether or not the Russians will be, in fact, prepared to do that," she said.
"I think more optimistically for the Ukrainians in that time frame."
More on this story : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63849268
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