Obesity
Maria-Irini Theodoraki, Eva Kantorou, Giannis Zervakis
Video Presentation by Maria Irini
Definition of Obesity
- Obesity is a condition where the body has excess fat, which has negative consequences for health.
What is obesity?
Obesity is the accumulation of excessive body fat that can have negative health effects.
Excessive body fat
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a way of measuring obesity.
Body Mass Index
There are different categories of obesity depending on BMI.
Obesity categories
Statistical Data
- Presentation of the latest data and obesity rates in various countries or regions
Obesity epidemiology
02 Global epidemic
- Increase in percentages
- Obesity has increased significantly worldwide in recent decades.
- Health effects
- Obesity is linked to serious diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- Socioeconomic factors
- Obesity is influenced by factors such as income and education.
Obesity in children
Obesity rates in children have increased significantly in recent decades.
Increasing rates
Unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity contribute to childhood obesity.
Risk factors
Obesity in children can lead to serious health problems.
Health effects
Obesity in adults
- Increasing rates
- Increase in obesity in adults in recent years
- Risk factors
- Diet, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition
- Health effects
- Increased risk of chronic diseases
Risk factors
03 Genetic factors
Genetic predispositions influence obesity.
Heredity
Metabolic disorders can lead to obesity.
Metabolic factors
Hormone imbalances contribute to weight gain.
Hormonal disorders
Causes of obesity
- Genetic factors : Heredity and genes that influence fat storage.
- Diet : Consuming excessive calories, mainly from sweets, fats and processed foods.
- Psychological Factors : Anxiety, depression, emotional overeating.
- Hormonal Disorders : Conditions such as hypothyroidism or polycystic ovarian disease.
5 Environmental factors
- Availability of unhealthy foods
- Easy access to foods high in calories and fat.
- Lack of access to healthy options
- Limited availability of fruits and vegetables.
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Lack of opportunities for physical activity in everyday life.
Lifestyle
- Unhealthy diet
- High intake of processed foods and fats.
- Lack of physical activity
- Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise.
- Stress and bad habits
- Smoking, alcohol consumption and insufficient sleep.
Health effects
04 General Effects of Obesity
Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension
Increased risk of diseases
Difficulties in everyday life
Reduced quality of life
Low self-esteem, depression
Mental health burden
Cardiovascular Effects of Obesity
Increased risk of diseases
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Hypertension
- coronary heart disease
- Diabetes
Cardiovascular diseases
Increased risk of heart disease
Obesity increases blood pressure and cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease.
Increased risk of stroke
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of stroke due to the strain on blood vessels.
Mental Effects of Obesity
- Low self-esteem
- Depression
- Stress
- Social isolation
- Reduced Social Life and Quality of Life
Mental health burden
Kinetic Effects of Obesity
- Back pain
- Neck pain
- Shoulder pain
- Arthritis
- Chronic musculoskeletal pain in adolescents
- Slower surgical recovery and higher risk of complications
Type 2 diabetes
- Increased risk
- Obesity increases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.
- Worsening of symptoms
- Obesity can worsen the symptoms of diabetes.
- Difficulty adjusting
- Obesity makes it more difficult to regulate blood sugar levels.
Cancer
- Increased risk of cancer
- Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as colon, breast, and endometrial cancer.
- Deterioration of prognosis
- Obesity can negatively affect the outcome of treatment and the prognosis of cancer patients.
Cancer
People with obesity have a higher risk of death from certain types of cancer compared to people of normal weight.
In recent years, scientific studies have suggested that sugar feeds cancer cells.
Increased mortality
Prevention and treatment
05 Nutrition
- Balanced diet
- Consuming a variety of foods for a balanced intake of nutrients.
- Reducing processed foods
- Preference for fresh, whole foods to reduce calories and improve health.
- Increase in plant foods
- Adding more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to the diet.
Exercise
Regular physical exercise helps prevent and treat obesity.
Daily activity
Aerobic exercise, such as walking and running, burns calories and boosts cardiovascular health.
Aerobic exercise
Strengthening muscles increases metabolism and helps with weight loss.
Muscle strengthening
Drug treatment
- Weight control medications
- They are prescribed for weight loss and maintenance.
- Surgical procedures
- They help limit food intake and absorption.
- Surgical methods : Gastric bypass, Gastric band.
- Dietary supplements
- They can support weight loss as part of a healthy lifestyle.
Support and Consulting
- Psychological support and treatment.
- Support groups for people with obesity.
Political and Social Interventions
- Regulations and tax incentives to reduce consumption of sugary and unhealthy foods.
- Creation of sports and activity areas.
- Improving accessibility to healthy foods.
- Overtaxation and bribery of companies that produce food with excessive amounts of sugar.
Thank you
Maria-Irini Theodoraki, Eva Kantorou, Giannis Zervakis
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